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ORAL PRESENTATION / SÖZLÜ SUNUM

Pharmacokinetics and Effects of Tolfenamic Acid After
Dehorning with Lidocaine or Xylazine in Calves

Orhan CORUM Murat YUKSEL Duygu Durna CORUM Devran COSKUN
3
1
2
1
Fatma AKIN Mustafa CELLAT Mustafa HITIT Kamil UNEY 6
3,*
4
5

1 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hatay, TÜRKIYE
2 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics
and Gyneacology, Hatay, TÜRKIYE
3 Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Siirt, TÜRKIYE
4 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of
Physiology, Hatay, TÜRKIYE
5 Prairie View A&M University, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources,
Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Texsas, UNITED STATES
6 Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Konya, TÜRKIYE

*Correspound Author: akinfatma5610@gmail.com

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of tolfenamic
acid after administration alone or in combination with lidocaine and xylazine in dehorned
calves. The study was conducted on 36 horned Holstein calves. Calves were randomly divided
into 6 equal groups as healthy control (HC), healthy tolfenamic acid (TC), dehorning control
(DC), dehorning+tolfenamic acid (DT), dehorning+standard analgesia protocol (DXL), and
dehorning+standard analgesia protocol+tolfenamic acid (DXLT). Xylazine and lidocaine were
used as standard analgesic protocol. Tolfenamic acid was administered intramuscularly at a
dose of 4 mg/kg. Plasma levels of tolfenamic acid were measured by high-pressure liquid
chromatography, while cortisol and haptoglobin levels were measured by ELISA. In addition,
the respiration rate, heart rate, and eye temperature of the calves were recorded. Tolfenamic
acid was detected up to 72 hours in the TC and DT groups and up to 96 hours in the DXLT
group. In the TC group, t1/2ʎz, AUC0-∞, ClT/F, Vdarea/F, Cmax, and Tmax values were 13.41 hours,
41.18 hours*µg/mL, 0.10 L/hour/kg, 1.88 L/kg, 3.02 µg/mL, and 0.74 hours, respectively.
Compared with the TC and DT groups, t1/2ʎz, AUC0-∞, and Tmax values were found to be
increased, while ClT/F decreased, in the DXLT group. No differences were found between the
groups in Vdarea/F and Cmax values. Compared with the DC group, mean cortisol and
haptoglobin concentrations were significantly reduced in the DT, DXL, and DXLT groups, with
the lowest levels observed in the DXLT group. Heart rate was significantly lower in the DXL
group compared to the HC, TC, DC, and DT groups, and in the DXLT group compared to the
HC and TC groups. No difference was observed between the groups in respiratory rate and

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